Quellenverzeichnis

Vollständige Liste aller 178 Quellen der Gesamtstudie in der Reihenfolge der Kennungen. Bei Titeln in nicht englischer oder deutscher Sprache steht die deutsche Übersetzung in Klammern; Titel in eckigen Klammern sind die englischen Wiedergaben der Datenbank für Originale in anderer Sprache. Fehlt eine PMID, ist keine vergeben.

• [s01] Achermann APP, Pereira TA, Esteves SC (2026): Male Infertility in the 2025 WHO Infertility Guideline: A Comparative Analysis With AUA/ASRM, EAU, ESHRE, and NICE Recommendations. Andrology. PMID 42615963; DOI 10.1111/andr.70369.
• [s02] Bahadur G, Homburg R, Henkel R, Jayaprakasan K, Acharya S, Woodward BJ, Muneer A, Huirne JAF, Govind A, Illahibuccus A, Al-Habib A, Tan SL, Jauniaux E (2026): Enhancing intrauterine insemination success in advanced maternal age: Impact of consecutive ejaculate and optimised cycle parameters. JBRA assisted reproduction. PMID 41757839; DOI 10.5935/1518-0557.20250195.
• [s03] Boulbina I, Bekara ME, AinBaziz H, Kassoul A, Castellini C (2026): Comparative Evaluation of Sexual Behavior, Semen Characteristics and Environmental Modulation in Local Algerian and New Zealand White Rabbit Bucks. Veterinary sciences. PMID 42514621; DOI 10.3390/vetsci13070611.
• [s04] Clay N, Zleczewski M, Stroie F (2026): Ejaculatory frequency and male fertility: a literature review of evidence-based recommendations. Translational andrology and urology. PMID 41809803; DOI 10.21037/tau-2025-aw-847.
• [s05] Dai XH, Jiang XH, Zong L, Tao YY, Jin Q, Tang WJ, Wu LM, Xu B, Bai S (2026): Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum with lifestyle factors and semen parameters: results from a cross-sectional study in 2668 males. Asian journal of andrology. PMID 41665055; DOI 10.4103/aja202599.
• [s06] Dreiås KW, Kvalvik LG, Warp ML, Håberg SE, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Hanevik HI (2026): Sexual intercourse frequency and fecundability in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study. PloS one. PMID 42776935; DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0357286.
• [s07] Gill K, Łukaszuk M, Machałowski T, Piasecka M (2026): Influence of Very Short-Term Sexual Abstinence on Basic Semen Parameters and Sperm Chromatin Status: A Preliminary Study. International journal of molecular sciences. PMID 42278570; DOI 10.3390/ijms27115046.
• [s08] Liu-Qing Y, Jing P (2026): U-Shaped Effect of Abstinence Duration on Normal Sperm Morphology Rate: An Age-Stratified Analysis of 1262 Cases. Andrology. PMID 42572349; DOI 10.1111/andr.70329.
• [s09] Muvhali P, Bonato M, Malecki I, Douglas K, Swart P, Cloete S (2026): Impact of Season, Semen Collection Frequency and Between-Male Variation on Ostrich Seminal Plasma Composition. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene. PMID 41685530; DOI 10.1111/rda.70186.
• [s10] Reddy PVV, Rao MS, Naidu GV, Rao ON, Srinivas T, Reddy MS, Balavenkat A (2026): Effect of ejaculation order and extended inter-ejaculatory period on semen quality and quantity in Murrah buffalo and Ongole cattle bulls. Tropical animal health and production. PMID 41533010; DOI 10.1007/s11250-026-04860-x.
• [s11] Sachdeva G, Vohra A, Ashraf M, Ravikumar D, Choudhary R (2026): Impact of Short-Term Abstinence on Semen Quality and Oxidative Stress in Men with Suboptimal Semen Parameters: A Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary IVF Centre. JBRA assisted reproduction. PMID 41248200; DOI 10.5935/1518-0557.20250159.
• [s12] Shin D, Sansone A, Krishnappa P, Baazeem A, Bernie HL, Ahsan MS, Thirumavalavan N, Hellstrom WJG, Shah R (2026): Sexual dysfunctions in male patients with infertility: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024). Sexual medicine reviews. PMID 41504423; DOI 10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf073.
• [s13] Tighe J, Kasaven LS, Exeter H, Jones BP, Chronopoulou E, Nagi JB, Theodorou E (2026): Effect of Ejaculatory Abstinence Duration on Laboratory and Clinical Outcomes in IVF: A Retrospective Analysis. Andrology. PMID 42466650; DOI 10.1111/andr.70322.
• [s14] Wang Y, Zhu S, Zheng H, Lin H, Zhu Z, Liu H, Zhou Y (2026): Is age a critical indicator for determining the optimal abstinence duration in patients undergoing sperm acquisition? Frontiers in reproductive health. PMID 42682754; DOI 10.3389/frph.2026.1921505.
• [s15] Beyatlı M, Güngör HS, Uzel T, Sobay R, İnkaya A, Evci MU, Özbek R, Tahra A, Küçük EV (2025): Longer Arousal, Better Semen: Effects of Extended Pre-Ejaculatory Arousal on Semen Parameters in Infertile Men. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 41464187; DOI 10.3390/diagnostics15243186.
• [s16] Bond JC, Heaton B, White KO, Abrams JA, Kuohung W, Fisher RR, Wesselink AK, Fox MP, Wise LA (2025): Female sexual function and distress and time-to-pregnancy in a prospective preconception cohort. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. PMID 39374749; DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.09.117.
• [s17] Hosseini A, Borzouie Z, Khalili P, Vatanparast M (2025): The effect of consecutive ejaculation on the sperm parameters in the oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) men. Zygote (Cambridge, England). PMID 39757827; DOI 10.1017/s0967199424000443.
• [s18] Ji XR, Wang RJ, Huang ZH, Wu HL, Huang XH, Bo H, Lin G, Zhu WB, Huang C (2025): Sperm tRNA-derived fragments expression is potentially linked to abstinence-related improvement of sperm quality. Asian journal of andrology. PMID 40101124; DOI 10.4103/aja2024123.
• [s19] Najjar A, Dhaouadi A, Ezzar S, Benaoun B, Khaldi S (2025): Sexual arousal intensity modulates copulatory behavior and semen quality in Arabian stallions: Effects of age, origin, and collection method. Veterinary world. PMID 41113212; DOI 10.14202/vetworld.2025.2615-2625.
• [s20] Nguyen BH, Tran HQ, Pham QM, Tran KV (2025): Ejaculatory abstinence and its impacts on within- and between-individual variations in semen parameters of 9,595 Vietnamese men. Translational andrology and urology. PMID 40114824; DOI 10.21037/tau-24-553.
• [s21] Pradit L, Somsak P, Piromlertamorn W, Pantasri T, Sanmee U (2025): The effects of coital lubricants on sperm motility and vitality. JBRA assisted reproduction. PMID 40080784; DOI 10.5935/1518-0557.20240113.
• [s22] Raditya M, Hari Soejono A, Siswanto MA, Atmoko W, Shah R, Agarwal A, Situmorang GR, Birowo P, Rasyid N (2025): Impact of Shorter Abstinence Periods on Semen Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The world journal of men's health. PMID 39434390; DOI 10.5534/wjmh.240035.
• [s23] Russo GI, Asmundo MG, Cocci A, Abdelhameed AS, Liprino A, Giacone F, Lombardo D, Guglielmino A, Chamayou S (2025): Ejaculatory abstinence duration impacts semen parameters: Insights from a retrospective analysis in male infertility on 23,527 analyses. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 39996054; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2025.1529262.
• [s24] Seymour KR, Rickard JP, de Graaf SP (2025): The Percentage of Normal Sperm Declines in Consecutively Collected Ejaculates of Ram Semen. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene. PMID 40028825; DOI 10.1111/rda.70028.
• [s25] Vanderschee R, Kostov S (2025): Approach to lubricant use for sexual activity. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien. PMID 40730448; DOI 10.46747/cfp.710708e158.
• [s26] Xi Q, Kong Q, Lv X, Dai R, Yu Y (2025): Impact of ejaculation frequency on semen parameters and DNA fragmentation: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E. PMID 40671092; DOI 10.1186/s12958-025-01439-3.
• [s27] Yao G, Qi Q, Dou X, Zhou W, Bai S, Zhang X (2025): Association of abstinence time with semen quality in men who undergoing fertility evaluation: a cross-sectional study from 3052 participants. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 39926349; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2025.1472333.
• [s28] О.И. Аполихин, С.С. Красняк, Р.Т. Савзиханов, Э.Е. Шарапкалиев, С.Д. Дорофеев, В.В. Симаков, Н.В. Ратенкова (2025): Первый анализ приверженности лабораторий в Российской Федерации Шестому изданию Лабораторного Руководства ВОЗ по исследованию и обработке эякулята человека (Erste Analyse der Befolgung der sechsten Auflage des WHO-Laborhandbuchs durch Laboratorien in der Russischen Föderation). Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. keine PMID.
• [s29] American Urological Association; American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2024): Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility in Men: AUA/ASRM Guideline (veröffentlicht 2020, geändert 2024; Webseite). AUA-Leitlinienseite. keine PMID.
• [s30] Brannigan RE, Hermanson L, Kaczmarek J, Kim SK, Kirkby E, Tanrikut C (2024): Updates to Male Infertility: AUA/ASRM Guideline (2024). The Journal of urology. PMID 39145501; DOI 10.1097/ju.0000000000004180.
• [s31] Cermisoni GC, Minetto S, Marzanati D, Alteri A, Salmeri N, Rabellotti E, Nova A, Salonia A, Pozzi E, Candiani M, Papaleo E, Pagliardini L (2024): Effect of ejaculatory abstinence period on fertilization and clinical outcomes in ICSI cycles: a retrospective analysis. Reproductive biomedicine online. PMID 37976657; DOI 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103401.
• [s32] Du C, Li Y, Yin C, Luo X, Pan X (2024): Association of abstinence time with semen quality and fertility outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Andrology. PMID 38197853; DOI 10.1111/andr.13583.
• [s33] Gumerova E, Rimmer MP, Gellatly SA (2024): Do sperm and lubricants gel well with each other? A systematic review. Human fertility (Cambridge, England). PMID 38044638; DOI 10.1080/14647273.2023.2285349.
• [s34] Halim B, Angellee J, Agustinus A, Pakpahan C, Lubis HP (2024): Enhancing Sperm Quality Through Consecutive Ejaculation After Short Abstinence in Men with Low Semen Parameters Undergoing ICSI. Journal of reproduction & infertility. PMID 40352441; DOI 10.18502/jri.v25i4.18126.
• [s35] Jiang Y, Zhu Y, Kong Q, Lv X, Xi Q, Yu Y (2024): Association between penultimate ejaculatory abstinence and sperm quality: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 39483985; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2024.1490399.
• [s36] Kokori E, Olatunji G, Isarinade DT, Aboje JE, Ogieuhi IJ, Lawal ZD, Woldehana NA, Nazar MW, Scott GY, Aderinto N (2024): Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence. Clinical genitourinary cancer. PMID 38430857; DOI 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.01.015.
• [s37] Kugelman N, Hochberg A, Dahan MH (2024): Impact of short abstinence versus testicular sperm on sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. PMID 39196330; DOI 10.1007/s00404-024-07704-x.
• [s38] Lo Giudice A, Asmundo MG, Cimino S, Cocci A, Falcone M, Capece M, Abdelhameed AS, Capogrosso P, Morgado A, Tsampoukas G, Manfredi C, Russo GI (2024): Effects of long and short ejaculatory abstinence on sperm parameters: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 38828413; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2024.1373426.
• [s39] Molin EAD, Leite GAA, Lazzari VM (2024): A systematic review focused on lubricant use and sperm quality: Improving human reproductive success by informing lubricants toxicity. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. PMID 38295779; DOI 10.1002/jat.4582.
• [s40] Pakpahan C, Agustinus A, Sa'adi A, Hinting A, Hinting L, Parmanto CM, Rezano A (2024): Sexual intercourse before embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology might enhance probability of pregnancy: An observational study. Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica. PMID 39356021; DOI 10.4081/aiua.2024.12620.
• [s41] Schlegel PN (2024): Abstinence for sperm sample collection and ART outcome: an unsubstantiated myth. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology. PMID 38597803; DOI 10.1097/gco.0000000000000946.
• [s42] Xie M, Hämmerli S, Leeners B (2024): The Association between Abstinence Period and Semen Parameters in Humans: Results in Normal Samples and Different Sperm Pathology. Life (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 38398698; DOI 10.3390/life14020188.
• [s43] Yoshiakwa-Terada K, Takeuchi H, Tachibana R, Takayama E, Kondo E, Ikeda T (2024): Age, sexual abstinence duration, sperm morphology, and motility are predictors of sperm DNA fragmentation. Reproductive medicine and biology. PMID 38807753; DOI 10.1002/rmb2.12585.
• [s44] Badreddine J, Rhodes S, Sellke N, Navarrete F, Keller S, Gowda V, Simon PHG, Abou Ghayda R (2023): The Variability of Semen Parameters With Sexual Abstinence Using Mail-in Sperm Testing Is Similar to That Seen With Traditional In-Office Semen Analysis. American journal of men's health. PMID 37771162; DOI 10.1177/15579883231197910.
• [s45] Bai S, Dou XC, Qi HL, Zhu YS, Zhang YT, Liu YX, Hu XC, Cao C, Tong XH, Xu B, Wu LM, Jiang XH (2023): Association between semen collection time and semen parameters: an observational study. Asian journal of andrology. PMID 36254888; DOI 10.4103/aja202268.
• [s46] Gibbons T, Reavey J, Georgiou EX, Becker CM (2023): Timed intercourse for couples trying to conceive. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. PMID 37709293; DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd011345.pub3.
• [s47] Karavani G, Juvet TSJ, Lau S, Lajkosz K, Mullen B, Lo KC, Grober ED, Akroof B, Kattan MS, Jarvi K (2023): Improved sperm DNA fragmentation levels in infertile men following very short abstinence of 3-4 hours. Translational andrology and urology. PMID 37969774; DOI 10.21037/tau-23-216.
• [s48] Komiya A, Kato M, Shibata H, Imamura Y, Sazuka T, Sakamoto S, Uchida N, Takayanagi Y, Nako Y, Tajima M, Hiraoka K, Ichikawa T, Kawai K (2023): Results of lifestyle modification promotion and reproductive/general health check for male partners of couples seeking conception. Heliyon. PMID 37089364; DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15203.
• [s49] Li Y, Wang S, Li D, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Qin J, Mao X, Li Z, Chen L, Wei P, Shi W, Xue L (2023): Short-interval second ejaculation improves sperm quality, blastocyst formation in oligoasthenozoospermic males in ICSI cycles: a time-lapse sibling oocytes study. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 37745695; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250663.
• [s50] Li Y, Lu T, Wu Z, Wang Z, Yu T, Wang H, Tang C, Zhou Y (2023): Trends in sperm quality by computer-assisted sperm analysis of 49,189 men during 2015-2021 in a fertility center from China. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 37529601; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2023.1194455.
• [s51] Lozano-Lorca M, Olmedo-Requena R, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Vázquez-Alonso F, Castillo-Bueno HM, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Jiménez-Moleón JJ (2023): Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study. The world journal of men's health. PMID 37118956; DOI 10.5534/wjmh.220216.
• [s52] Poopaibool N, Tangprasittipap A, Chumchuen S, Satirapod C, Singwongsa A (2023): Effects of a short abstinence period on sperm quality in oligozoospermic men. Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine. PMID 37995754; DOI 10.5653/cerm.2023.06100.
• [s53] Sørensen F, Melsen LM, Fedder J, Soltanizadeh S (2023): The Influence of Male Ejaculatory Abstinence Time on Pregnancy Rate, Live Birth Rate and DNA Fragmentation: A Systematic Review. Journal of clinical medicine. PMID 36983220; DOI 10.3390/jcm12062219.
• [s54] Tomlinson J, Pooley K, Tomlinson M (2023): Sperm toxicity testing on lubricant gels: should we be recommending 'fertility-friendly' specialist products? Human fertility (Cambridge, England). PMID 35369832; DOI 10.1080/14647273.2022.2053214.
• [s55] Tvrdá E, Ďuračka M, Benko F, Kováčik A, Lovíšek D, Gálová E, Žiarovská J, Schwarzová M, Kačániová M (2023): Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men-How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond? International journal of molecular sciences. PMID 36834909; DOI 10.3390/ijms24043503.
• [s56] Akhigbe RE, Hamed MA, Dutta S, Sengupta P (2022): Influence of ejaculatory abstinence period on semen quality of 5165 normozoospermic and oligozoospermic Nigerian men: A retrospective study. Health science reports. PMID 36032514; DOI 10.1002/hsr2.722.
• [s57] Azizi E, Naji M, Salehpour S, Saharkhiz N, Karimi M, Borumandnia N, Mofarahe ZS (2022): Impact of ejaculatory abstinence period and semen characteristic on the reproductive outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. JBRA assisted reproduction. PMID 35257558; DOI 10.5935/1518-0557.20210124.
• [s58] Barbagallo F, Cannarella R, Crafa A, Manna C, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE (2022): The Impact of a Very Short Abstinence Period on Conventional Sperm Parameters and Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine. PMID 36555920; DOI 10.3390/jcm11247303.
• [s59] Chen GX, Li HY, Lin YH, Huang ZQ, Huang PY, Da LC, Shi H, Yang L, Feng YB, Zheng BH (2022): The effect of age and abstinence time on semen quality: a retrospective study. Asian journal of andrology. PMID 34747722; DOI 10.4103/aja202165.
• [s60] Kim SK, Paik H, Lee JR, Jee BC (2022): Sperm DNA fragmentation in consecutive ejaculates from patients with cancer for sperm cryopreservation. Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine. PMID 36097735; DOI 10.5653/cerm.2022.05323.
• [s61] Liu K, Meng T, Chen Q, Hou G, Wang X, Hu S, Gu X, Li H, Li Y, Xiong C, Cao J (2022): Diurnal rhythm of human semen quality: analysis of large-scale human sperm bank data and timing-controlled laboratory study. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). PMID 35690928; DOI 10.1093/humrep/deac135.
• [s62] Markram J, Griessel L, Girdler-Brown B, Outhoff K (2022): Sperm-friendly lubricant: Fact or fiction. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. PMID 35318650; DOI 10.1002/ijgo.14136.
• [s63] Meitei HY, Uppangala S, Lakshmi R V, Guddattu V, Hegde P, Kumar P, Adiga P, Kalthur G, Schlatt S, Adiga SK (2022): Sperm characteristics in normal and abnormal ejaculates are differently influenced by the length of ejaculatory abstinence. Andrology. PMID 35776678; DOI 10.1111/andr.13222.
• [s64] Rafaee A, Kakavand K, Sodeifi N, Farrahi F, Sabbaghian M (2022): Effects of BabyDance Lubricant on Sperm Parameters. Journal of human reproductive sciences. PMID 35928467; DOI 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_155_21.
• [s65] Sertkaya Z, Akan S, Özdemir H, Ertaş K, Korkmaz E, Tokuç E, Şimşek A (2022): Effect of sexual arousal on semen parameters during abstinence. Andrologia. PMID 35770301; DOI 10.1111/and.14513.
• [s66] Sinan Ozkavukcu, Özlem DOĞAN, EKİN BAYSAL (2022): Sigara İçen Bireylerde Cinsel Perhiz Süresinin Sperm Parametrelerine Etkisi (Einfluss der Dauer der sexuellen Enthaltsamkeit auf die Spermaparameter bei Rauchern). TUBITAK-Projekt 220S052 (TR Dizin). keine PMID.
• [s67] Wang N, Gu H, Gao Y, Li X, Yu G, Lv F, Shi C, Wang S, Song M, Zhang S (2022): Study on Influencing Factors of Semen Quality in Fertile Men. Frontiers in physiology. PMID 35273518; DOI 10.3389/fphys.2022.813591.
• [s68] Yu X, Zhang S, Chen L, Zhang XY, Wang Q (2022): High incidence of sexual dysfunction and timed intercourse was found only in infertile males who with known impairment of sperm quality for a long period: evidence from a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E. PMID 36114509; DOI 10.1186/s12958-022-01010-4.
• [s69] Yu X, Zhang X, Wang Q (2022): Sexual dysfunction is more common among men who have high sperm DNA fragmentation or teratozoopermia. Scientific reports. PMID 36575203; DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-27006-z.
• [s70] Ahn SH, Lee I, Cho S, Kim HI, Baek HW, Lee JH, Park YJ, Kim H, Yun BH, Seo SK, Park JH, Choi YS, Lee BS (2021): Predictive Factors of Conception and the Cumulative Pregnancy Rate in Subfertile Couples Undergoing Timed Intercourse With Ultrasound. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 33935968; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.650883.
• [s71] Alipour H, Duus RK, Wimmer R, Dardmeh F, Du Plessis SS, Jørgensen N, Christiansen OB, Hnida C, Nielsen HI, Van Der Horst G (2021): Seminal plasma metabolomics profiles following long (4-7 days) and short (2 h) sexual abstinence periods. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. PMID 34325212; DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.07.024.
• [s72] Alyethodi RR, Sirohi AS, Karthik S, Tyagi S, Perumal P, Singh U, Sharma A, Kundu A (2021): Role of seminal MDA, ROS, and antioxidants in cryopreservation and their kinetics under the influence of ejaculatory abstinence in bovine semen. Cryobiology. PMID 33476643; DOI 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.002.
• [s73] Cui Z, Mo M, Chen Q, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou N, Sun L, Liu J, Ao L, Cao J (2021): Pornography Use Could Lead to Addiction and Was Associated With Reproductive Hormone Levels and Semen Quality: A Report From the MARHCS Study in China. Frontiers in endocrinology. PMID 34566897; DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.736384.
• [s74] Dahan MH, Mills G, Khoudja R, Gagnon A, Tan G, Tan SL (2021): Three hour abstinence as a treatment for high sperm DNA fragmentation: a prospective cohort study. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. PMID 33179134; DOI 10.1007/s10815-020-01999-w.
• [s75] Gupta S, Singh VJ, Fauzdar A, Prasad K, Srivastava A, Sharma K (2021): Short Ejaculatory Abstinence in Normozoospermic Men is Associated with Higher Clinical Pregnancy Rates in Sub-fertile Couples Undergoing Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Retrospective Analysis of 1691 Cycles. Journal of human reproductive sciences. PMID 34759617; DOI 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_235_20.
• [s76] Huang C, Liu Q, Wang ZW, Zhou WJ, Huang ZH, Ji XR, Luo XF, Tang YL, Fan LQ, Zhu WB (2021): Sperm donor lifestyle survey: modifiable risk factors for potential sperm donors. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. PMID 34554361; DOI 10.1007/s10815-021-02322-x.
• [s77] Kabukçu C, Çil N, Çabuş Ü, Alataş E (2021): Effect of ejaculatory abstinence period on sperm DNA fragmentation and pregnancy outcome of intrauterine insemination cycles:  A prospective randomized study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics. PMID 32902676; DOI 10.1007/s00404-020-05783-0.
• [s78] Sokol P, Drakopoulos P, Polyzos NP (2021): The Effect of Ejaculatory Abstinence Interval on Sperm Parameters and Clinical Outcome of ART. A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of clinical medicine. PMID 34361997; DOI 10.3390/jcm10153213.
• [s79] Soriano MJ, Botella IM, Sadeghi S, Rios AP, Balasch S, Luján S, Pellicer N, Rubio JM (2021): The Use of Vaginal Lubricants and Ultrasound Gels Can have Deleterious Effects on Sperm Function. Journal of human reproductive sciences. PMID 34316232; DOI 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_128_18.
• [s80] Vahidi S, Narimani N, Ghanizadeh T, Yazdinejad F, Emami M, Mehravaran K, Saffari H, Khaleghimehr F, Dehghan Marvast L (2021): the Short Abstinence May Have Paradoxical Effects On Sperms With Different Level Of DNA Integrity: A Prospective Study. Urology journal. PMID 34308535; DOI 10.22037/uj.v18i.6515.
• [s81] Xie M, Li J, Zhang S, Zhu D, Mei X, Wang Z, Cheng X, Li Z, Wang S, Cheng K (2021): A trifunctional contraceptive gel enhances the safety and quality of sexual intercourse. Bioactive materials. PMID 33336110; DOI 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.031.
• [s82] Degirmenci Y, Demirdag E, Guler I, Yildiz S, Erdem M, Erdem A (2020): Impact of the sexual abstinence period on the production of seminal reactive oxygen species in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: A randomized trial. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. PMID 32462746; DOI 10.1111/jog.14308.
• [s83] Dupesh S, Pandiyan N, Pandiyan R, Kartheeswaran J, Prakash B (2020): Ejaculatory abstinence in semen analysis: does it make any sense? Therapeutic advances in reproductive health. PMID 32596668; DOI 10.1177/2633494120906882.
• [s84] Hasan Turgut, güner kemal özgür (2020): Mastürbasyon Sıklığı Sperm Parametrelerini Etkiler mi? (Beeinflusst die Häufigkeit der Masturbation die Spermaparameter?). Journal of Urological Surgery. keine PMID; DOI 10.4274/jus.galenos.2020.3097.
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